Burner



Feb. 10, 1942. R s. MOORE 2,272, 23

BURNER File dMay 7, 19:57 s Shets-Sheet s Patented Feb. 10, 1942 mesne assignments, to Guiberson Oil Heater v Company, Grand Prairie, Tex., a corporation of Texas 7 Application May 7, 1937, Serial No. 141,309

Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in burners.

One object of the invention is to provide an (improved burner which is adapted to burn a hydrocarbon liquid and may be readily installed in any type of heater or heating unit.

An important object of the invention is" to provide an improved burner wherein a hydrocarbon liquid is utilized as fuel, the construction of the burner being such thatthe liquid is vaporized and the vapors, rather than the liquid itself, are

burned, which makes for substantially complete I combustion, resultingin increased heating efficiency as well as minimization of carbonizing and smoking.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydrocarbon liquid burner wherein the liquid is first vaporized within a vaporizing chamber and the vapors are then admixed with air' to form av combustible mixture, the air to the vaporizing chamber being restricted whereby a combustible mixture is not present in the vaporizing chamber and the flame or burning is thus located out of said chamber, wherein the liquid itself does not burn, which eliminates smoking, as well as carbon deposits; the burning of the vapors producing a hotter flame and thus, resulting in more eflicient heating.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved burner of the character described, wherein the flame is concentrated at the center of the heating unit wherein the burner is mounted, whereby said unit is particularly adapted for use in cooking, or similar purpose; there being provision made for insulating the combustion chamber so that heat radiation is reduced to a mnnmum.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved burner of the character de- 1 scribed which is constructed so that the flame ofthe burning vapors may be spread, so that when the burner is applied to the usual type floor heater, an even distribution or radiation'of heat is had.

invention and applied to unit,

Figure 2 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view, taken on the line 2-2 of Figure l, v

Figure 3 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view, taknfon the line 3-3 of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a transverse, vertical, sectional view of a modified form of burner, applied to a floor heating unit,

Figure 5 is a horizontal, cross-sectionalview, taken on the line 55 of Figure 4,

Figure 6 is a view, similar to Figure 4, showing still another form of burner,

Figure 7 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view, taken on the line 1+1 of Figure 6, and

Figure v8 is. a horizontal, cross-sectional view, taken on the line 88 of Figure 6.

In the drawings, the numeral I0 designates a cylindrical burner housing having a bottom II from which supporting legs l2 depend, whereby the housing may rest on a floor, or'other support. A'cylindrical casing l3 having a curved an open ,flame heating bottom is disposed axially within the housing and connected therein and the outer end of said pipe is curved upwardly and connected intoa'bowl IS. .A fuel supply receptacle or container I6 is inverted within the bowl and provides a con stant supply of liquid fuel to the chamber A. The valve i6, of course, regulates the flow through .the pipe,

" Air is supplied to the chamber A through'a conduit H. which extends through the wall of the housing It). This conduit is arranged to be closed'by a cap I 8, as will be explained. Additional air inlet openings ii! are formed in' the -wall of the casing l3, whereby air from the interior of the housing it] may enter the chamber. The air flows into the housing Ill through openco ings 20 in the top of said housing. 4 Besides the conduit l1 and openings i9,'air may flow into the upper end of the chamber A through a radial pipe 2| which extends from the wall of the casing to the center thereof As is clearly shown in Figures l and 3, airfrom the interior of the housing l0, through the pipe 2| and outwardly from the inner end of said pipe. This inner end of the pipe is provided with an upwardly directed elbow 22 which directs the air upwardly and out of the chamber through the axial opening l4 in the top thereof. The inlet of air through the pipe 2! in an upward direction aids the formation of a suction at the opening M in the chamber, A, which draws the air and vapors in the chamber upwardly therefrom, as will be explained.

A perforated sleeve 23 surrounds theopening M in the upper end of the casing l3 and extends upwardly therefrom, terminating against the underside of the top of the housing. If desired, this sleeve may be made integral with the casing l3 combustion chamber, as will be explained.

Any suitable heating unit may be mounted above the burner housing Ill and in Figure 1 an open flame heater or cooker is shown. This heater comprises a cylindrical casing 21 which has its bottom resting on upwardly projecting lugs 26' formed on the upper end of the collar. The lugs act to space the top of the collar from the bottom of the heater so as to permit air to enter therebetween. The collar, of course, acts to space the bottom of the heater from the top of the housing Ill whereby air may enter therebetween and thence flow through the openings 20 in the top of the housing. The bottom of the heater housing has an axial opening 28 in alinement with the openings 26 and I4 and sleeve 23, and a-cylindrical pipe or flue 29 extends axially and vertically through the casing 21 from said opening 28 to an outlet opening 30 in the top of the casing. The flue is smaller in diameter than the casing 21 whereby an annular air space or chamber B is formed therebetween. Air. is admitted to this space through openings 3| in the top and bottom thereof, and said space acts as an insulating chamber to prevent the exterior of the heater casing 21 from becoming too hot and thereby reduces radiation to a minimum. Surrounding the lower end of the heater casing and terminating in a plane below the top of the housing i is an annular depending skirt 32. The skirt is spaced from the exterior of the bumer housing, as is clearly shown in Figure 1, and the air entering the space between the burner and heater must flow beneath the skirt, as indicated by the arrows.

In operation, the liquid fuel is supplied to the vaporizing chamber A through the pipe I5. The arrangement of theinverted fuel supply receptacle l6 maintains a constant level of liquid within the lower portion of the curved bottom of the casing l3. To ignite the burner, the cap I8 is removed and. a torch or flame inserted through the conduit [1. Sufllcient air is supplied through the conduit II to permit the liquid itself to ignite and burn. The liquid in the bottom of the chamber A is permitted to burn until such time. as the walls of the casing I3 become heated, at which time the cap I8 is again placed into the end of the conduit l1. This cuts off the air supply to the chamber A through the conduit l1 and the air which is entering the openings IS in the walls of the casing i3 is not sufilcient to promote combustion within the chamber A and therefore after the cap l8 closes said conduit, the burning of the liquid in the bottom of the chamber is stopped. Due to the heating of the chamber A by the burning of the liquid fuel, as has been explained, vapors rise oil the body of fuel and pass upwardly through the opening (4 in the top of the casing and into the sleeve 23 and collar 26. These rising vapors tend to create a suction at the opening l4 and this suction is'increased by the air emitting from the pipe 2| and elbow 22.

A much greater amount of air is present within the sleeve 23 and collar 26 due to the numerous perforations 24 in said sleeve and also due to the upwardly directed stream from the pipe 2| and therefore as'this air admixes with the rising vapor, a combustible mixture is obtained. This mixture is ignited and burns within the sleeve 23, collar 26 and also within the flue 29 which extends vertically through the heater 21. Therefore it will be seen that the combustion chamber is formed at a point abovethe chamber A and the flame created by the burning mixture of vapors and air rises in the flue 29. The heat from the burning vapors is suflicient to keep the chamber A heated so that the liquid fuel therein continues to vaporize and these vapors are drawn upwardly into the combustion chamber and admixed with the incoming air. It is pointed out that the air not only comes into the combustion chamber through the perforations 24 in the sleeve but also passes thereinto between the lugs 26' which support the heater casing 21. The flame is thus confined within the flue 29 and within the collar and sleeve therebelow and manifestly, the flue will become heated. To insulate the exterior wall of the heater casing 21, there is constant circulation of fresh cool air in the annular space or chamber B around the flue and this air space serves to insulate the exterior walls of the casing from the flue, whereby they do not become overheated and radiation of heat is reduced to a minimum.

By adjusting the hand valve [6 in the line l5,

the flow of fuel into the chamber A may be positively controlled and if more or less of the fuel is within the chamber, more or less vaporization will occur. Of course, if morevapors rise into the combustion chamber, an increased heat will be had and by adjusting the hand valve IS, the heating may be readily controlled. It is pointed out that under ordinary operating conditions, there is not sufflclent air introduced into the chamber A to bring about combustion butit is only when the conduit 11 is open that enough air to permit burning of the liquid fuel itself is introduced. The air which is introduced through the openings l9 merely aid in conducting the vapors rising from the liquid fuel to move upwardly into the combustion chamber where they may be admixed with a sufficient amount of air to produce a combustible mixture.

In Figures 4 and 5, a modified form of the invention is shown. In this formthe casing i3 and its associate parts are substantially the same as in the first form. However in place of the central opening l4 in the top of the casing, an enlarged opening 32 is formed in said casing. This opening is surrounded by a flanged collar 33 which has perforations 34 in its vertical side. A second flanged collar 35 similar to the collar 33 extends upwardly from the opening 33' in the collar 33 and is provided with a with the opening 28 in'the lower end of a heater housing 29'. The housing 29' rests on lugs 39 which extend upwardly from the plate 31. Th plate 31 also forms the upper end of a the housing and the collar 26 is eliminated in this form. The plate is provided with inlet openings to permit air to enter the interior .of the'housing Ill. The flue 29 which is shown in the first form. is not present in the form shown in Figure 4 but is entirely eliminated, while an outlet pipe 4| extends from the upper end of the housing 29'. a

The operation of this form is substantially the same as that of the first form in that the liquid fuel is first ignited by removing the cap l8 from the conduit I'l. Closure of the conduit l1 causes the flame to be transferred to the vapors rising from the liquid fuel. The air necessary to make a combustible mixture is introduced and admixed with the vapors within the flanged collars 33, 35 andthe'sleeve 23. Since the openings or perforations increase as the vapors rise toward the sleeve 23, it will be evident that the air is gradually increased in the mixture as the vapors rise toward the openings 28' in the heater housing 29'. The flame from the burning vapors will of course rise within the heater housing 29' and will serve to heat the interior thereof. The heating of this interior will of course heat the wall of the casing 29' and will by radiation of heat from said wall heat the room in which the unit is placed.

In Figures 6 to 8 still another form of the invention is shown. In this form instead of concentrating the flame of the burning mixture at the central portion of the heater casing, said flame is spread to some extent whereby a more even distribution of ,the heat within the casing 29', is had. In this form, the structure is very similar to the structure of the form shown in Figures 1 to 3 in that the chamber A and its associate parts are substantially the same. Instead ofthe inlet pipe 2|, a circular pipe 43 is located axially at the upper end of the chamber and this-circularv pipe is supplied with air through radial pipes 44 (Figur 8) which lead from the interior of the casing Illa. Aperforated sleeve 23', similar to the sleeve 23, extends upwardly from the casing I3 and surrounds the openin I3 in the top thereof. sleeve 23 has alarger diameter than the'sleeve 23. A plate 45 rests on th uppere'nd of the sleeve 23' and has lugs 43 on which the bottom of the heater casing 29' is supported. The plate 45 forms'the top of the housing Illa and has an axial perforated sleeve 41 depending therefrom. This sleeve has a smaller diameter than the sleeve 23' and has its lower end disposed within the circular pipe 43. Openings 48 are formed in the plate and communicate with th annular space betweenthe sleeves 23' and 41, while an axial openi..g 49 of a larger diameter than the openings is located in the plate above the inner sleeve 41. The bottom of the heatercasing or housing 29' is formed with a plurality of It is noted that the openings 50 which are in vertical alinement with the openings 48 in the plate.

With this arrangement, the operation of this form is obvious. After the chamber A has been properly heated by the burning of the liquid fuel itself, the cap I8 is inserted into the conduit H to close the same whereby the fiam is transferred to the vapors rising from the liquid fuel. These vapors will rise upwardly into th sleeves 23' and 41 and will be admixed with air entering through the perforations in said sleeves as well as with air which is directed upwardly through openings 43' in the pip 43. The draft air emitting from the circular pipe 43 conducts or directs the vapors and air mixture upwardly through the ports 48 and 50 and into the casing 29. The vapors which have entered th inner sleeve 41 rise through the opening 49 and strike the underside of the casin 29' and are then spread into the path of the upwardly moving mixture passing through the openings 50 and the bottom of the casing 29. In this manner the flame is circular and tends to more evenly distribute the heat throughout the casing 29'.

Whil the bowl is shown circular, obviously it may be made in any shape such as a parallelogram or square or any shape desired.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A burner including, a housing having a vaporizing chamber therein, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said chamber,a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith, means for supplying sufficient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the lfquid fuel upon th initial operation of the burner, means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporizing chamber when sufficient heat for vaporization of the liquid fuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the vaporizing chamber is impossible, means for introducing air circumferentially into the combustion chamber whereby said air admixes with the vapors therein to produce a combustible mixture therein, andmeans for directing an additional stream of air upwardly through the combustion chamber to assure suflicieht air for a combustible mixtur and also for creating a suction to draw the vapors from the vaporizing chamber and an air passageway leading into the upper portion of the combustion chamber so that a final supply of secondary air may be introduced into the burning vapors. i

2. A burner including, a housing having a vaporizing chamber therein, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said'chamber, a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith, means for supplying sufficient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burner, means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporizing chamber when sufficient heat for vaporization of the liquid fuel is attained,

whereby further combustionin the vaporizing chamber is impossible, means for introducingair I into the combustion chamber so as to admix with the vapors rising from the liquid fuel to produce a combustible mixture, an upper chamber mounted above the combustion chamber and communiwardly into the upper chamber and for creating a' suction to draw the vapors from the vaporizing chamber and an air passageway leading into the upper portion of the combustion chamber so that a final supply of secondary air may be introduced into the burning vapors.

3. A burner including, a housing having -a vaporizing chamber therein, mefins for supplying a liquid fuel to said chamber, a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating. therewith, means for supplying sufllcient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burner, means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporizing chamber when sufficient heat for vaporization of the liquid fuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the .va-

' porizing chamber is impossible, means for introducing air into the combustion chamber was to admix with the vapors rising from the liquid fuel to produce a combustible mixture, the disposition of said combustion chamber with relation to the vaporizing chamber being such that the heat of the burning mixture within the combustion chamber vaporizes the liquid fuel in the vaporizing cham r, an upper chamber mounted above the combustion chamber and communicating therewith, and means for directing a stream of air upwardly through the combustion chamber for forcing the burning mixture upwardly into the upper chamber and for creating a suction to draw the vapors from the'vaporizing chamber and an air passageway leading into the upper portion of the combustion chamber so that a final supply of secondary air may be introduced into the burning vapors.

4. A burner including, a housing having a vaporizing chamber therein, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said chamber,-a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith and formed of a plurality of tiers reduced toward the upper end thereof, each tier having air admitting openings therein which increase in number toward the top of the chamber, means for supplying suflicient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of; the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burner, and means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporizing chamber when sufllcie'nt heat for vaporization of the liquid fuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the vaporizing chamber is impossible, the vapors from said chamber rising into the combustion chamber and being gradually admixed with an increased amount of air as they rise therein until a combustible mixture is produced at which time said mixture ignites and burns.

5. A burner including, a housing having a vaporizing chamber therein, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said chamber, a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith and formed of a plurality of tiers reduced toward the upper endthereof, each tier having air-admitti g openings therein which increase in number t @ard the top of the chamber, means for supply ng-suiilcientair to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burner,

means for restricting the supply of air to said va-' porizing chamber when 'suflicient heat for, vaporization of the liquid 'fuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the vaporizing chamber is impossible, the vapors from said chamber rising into the combustion chamber and being gradually admixed with an increased amount of air as they rise therein until a combustible mixture is produced/at which time said mixture ignites and burns, and means for directing an additional 6. A burner including, a housing having a' vaporizing chamber therein, means'for supplying a liquid fuel to said chamber, a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith and formed of a plurality of tiers reduced toward the upper end thereof, each tier having air admitting openings therein which increase in number toward the top of the chamber, means for supplying sufllcient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burner, means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporizing chamber when suiilcient heat for vaporization of the liquidfuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the vaporizing chamber is impossible, the vapors from said chamber rising into the combustion chamber and being gradually-admixed with an increased amount of air as they rise therein until a combustible mixture is produced at which time said mixture ignites and burns, means for directing an additional stream of .air upwardly through the combustion chamber to assure suflicient air for a combustible mixture and also for creating a suction to draw the vapors from the vaporizing chamber, and a heater casing mounted above the combustion chamber and communicating therewith.

means for supplying sufiicient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burner, means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporizing chamber when suflicient heat for vaporization of the liquid fuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the vaporizing chamber is impossible,the vapors from said chamber rising into the combustion chamber and being gradually admixed with an increased amount of air as they risev therein until a combustible mixture is produced at which time said mixture ignites and burns, and a circular air admitting pipe underlying the annular space between the concentric sleeves for directing a stream of air upwardly of the combustion chamber to force the combustible mixture upwardly therethrough and also for 'drawing vapors from the vaporization chamber into the combustion chamber.

8. A burner including, a housing having a vaporizing chamber therein, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said chamber, a combustion chamber above the vaporizing chamber and communicating'therewithcand formed of concentric sleeves having air'admitting openings therein,

means for supplying sumcient air to the vaporizing chamber to permit burning of the liquid fuel upon the initial operation of the burnen'means for restricting the supply of air to said vaporiz ing chamber when sufllcient heat for vaporization of the liquid fuel is attained, whereby further combustion in the vaporizing chamber is as theyrise therein until a combustible mixture is produced at which time said mixture ignites and burns, a heater casing mounted above the 10. A burner including, a housing, havingfa combustionchamber and Eommunicating' there with, and a circular air admittingpipe underly' ing the annular space-between the concentric sleeves for directing a stream of air upwardly of the combustion chamber to force the combustible mixture upwardly therethrough into said heater initial supply of secondary air into the vaporized fuel in the combustion chamber, means to introduce a final supply of secondary air in the vaporized fuel while it is passing from the combustion chamber into the upper chamber and means to introduce and direct upwardly a supply of air in the center of the-lower portion of the combustion chamber.

vaporizing chamber therein, means for supplying' a liquid fuel to. said chamber, means for introducing a limited amount of air, insufllcientto support combustion, into said VapQriZingch'am ber, a'combustion, hamber above and communiicating with the vaporizing chamber whereby the vaporized fuel from the vaporizing chamber rises the'reinto, means for introducing air into-thecOmbustion chamber so as toadmix with the vaporized fuel and form a combustible mixture within said combustion chamber, means tojintrocombustion chamber vaporizes the I the vaporizin'gchamber.

duce. a supply ofsecondary air into the vapors in the central portion near the bottom of the com bustion chamber, means to introduce a secone.

"dary' supply ofair into the burning vapors as they are passing from said combustion chamber,

, the disposition of said combustion chamber with relation to the vaporizing chamber being such that the heat-ofthe burning mixture within the liquid fuel i RICHARD-s. Moons; 

